The theory that Ashkenazi Jews descend primarily from converts in the medieval Khazar Khaganate, a Turkic polity in the Caucasus region, has been around for over a century. Though it was largely seen as put to bed by modern genetic science, this theory has recently taken on renewed popularity, driven by the rise in anti-Zionist sentiment since October 7.
This belief has enduring appeal among anti-Zionists because, if true, it undermines the Jewish claim to an ancient biblical connection to Israel, and many of its proponents also see it as a clever way to sidestep accusations of “anti-Semitism.” Severing the connection between biblical Israelites and modern Jews is also why the theory has been adopted by some Christian anti-Zionists — this appears to be the primary motivation of Candace Owens, now the most influential proponent of Khazar theory.
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